Past Perpect tense

Past Perfect Tense mirip dengan Present Perfect Tense hanya saja beda di waktunya saja. Penekannya pada PERFECT-nya itu, usainya itu. Agar lebih jelas saya ulang sedikit tentang Present Perfect Tense dulu ya.


PRESENT Perfect Tense about an event or events that ENDS (perfect, perfect) today, for example: She has just gone (He just left).Well past perfect tense is the past tense (Past) of the Present Perfect Tense, the so called Past Perfect Tense, both Perfectnya! Obviously yes? Present Perfect Tense when to use the formula S + Have / has + V3 the Past Perfect Tense use the past tense of Has / has the "HAD".Past Perfect Tense formulaPositive: S + had + V3Negative: S + had + not + V3Q: Had + S + V3Past Perfect Tense is often used with other sentences in the form of past tense (Past Tense) are connecting it with conjunctions such as When (when), After (after) to emphasize that Perfectnya (after that) it is in the past.Tense Past Perfect tenses are rarely used tables, but of course you should carefully comprehending of it. Do not be taken lightly!, One day you will need to use it, hehe ..Examples of events like this:"Yesterday he went to my house early in the morning bener, but when he arrived I HAD to go eh". See, look it's gone ALREADY Perfect. You remember the lessons of the Present Perfect is that it is ALREADY characteristics. Its just that it is ALREADY yesterday (past). That is why in this instance we use the Past Perfect Tense.Example sentence:-I had gone When He arrived at my home"I had gone" is the Past Perfect Tense, with subjectnya is I. See there "had" it, and the verb form of the three (V3) is gone. According the formula S + had + V3. Comparison sentences is the past tense: "When He arrived at my home".Examples of other sentences:I had written three articles when you visited my blog for the first time.Past Perfect Tense is so on the "Already, the past". Present Perfect Tense of "Yes, now". The formula is similar, because both Perfect. Each Perfect verb form must be used to-3 in both the main Verb or its auxiliary verb.Another example sentences in Past Perfect Tense:-I had studied hard but I did not make-good result in the exam.Of toll
-You had me twice before I Understood.

Surprise And Disbeliefs

Surprises and Disbeliefs is expression that used to expressomething that we can’t believe or impossible.

Kind of Surprises and Disbeliefs expression are :

• What a surprises?
• That’s very surpising!
• Really?
• Oh, no…………..
• Are you serious?
• What?
• That’s unbelieveble!
• Fancy that!
• You’re kidding!
• I find that hard to believe.

Surprising amazement of something :

o Fantastic!

o How marvelous/beautiful!

o It’s very interesting!

o It’s great!

o It’s terrific!

o Wow, that’s amazing!

o Wonderful!

o What a nice……

o What a lovely flower!

o Hey, that’s really terrific!

Gratitude, Compliment and contratulation

Gratitude is expression that used to said thank you to other people.

Kind of gratitude expression are :

v Thank you very much.

v Thanks.

v I’m grateful to…….

v I want to thank.

v I want to express my gratitude to……..

v I keep forgetting to thank you for…….

Respon of expressing :

v You are welcome.

v Don’t mention it.

v Not at all

v It was nothing at all.

v No problem

v Glad to be of help.

v (it was) my pleasure.

v I’m glad I could help.

v I’m glad I could do it.

v I’m glad I could be of help.

Compliment is expression that used to give praising to other people. Some people use compliment to better up someday or to flatter in order to increase good will.

Expressing :

• What a nice dress.
• You look great.
• You look very nice.
• I really must express my admiration for you………
• Good grades.
• Excellent.
• Nice work.

Time to express compliment :

• On his/her general appearance.
• If you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
• When you visit someone’s hous for the first time.
• When other people do their best.

Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone when get a success.

Expressing :

• Let me congratulate you.
• Congratulations on you successful business.
• My congratulations on your success.
• Congratulations on your promotion.
• Good!
• Tha’s great!
• Isn’t that wonderful!
• How fortunate.
• Splendid!
• Pretty good!

Responding :

· Thank you.

· Thanks, I needed that.

· That’s very kind of you.

· It’s very kind of you to say that.

· Do you really think so?

· You’ve made my day!

· The same to you.

· I’m glad you like it.

· Thank you. It’s nice of you to say so.

news item

News item text is a factual text which inform reader or daily newspaper about events of the day which are regarder as newsworth or important.

The generic structure of News item :

Headline.

Correspondence.

Newsworthy events :

Recounts the event in summary form.

Background events :

Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.

Sources :

Comments by participants in, witness to and authorities expert on the event.

Linguistic features :

• Action verbs.
• Verbal verbs.
• Mental verbs.
• Temporal circumstances.
• Spatial circumstances.
• Specific participants

• this example of news item
  Taufik Hidayat Quiting National Badminton Team
  After 13 years of service, which culminated in an Olympic gold medal, shuttler Taufik Hidayat announced Friday his resignation from the national training camp in Jakarta.
  “My decision to resign is final. It’s not an impulse or emotional decision. I’ve been thinking about quitting the national team since 2004, after I won at the Athens Olympics,” he said. “However, people kept on encouraging me to stay in the national team, considering my potential and my youth. Therefore I stayed until 2008.”
  In 2001, Taufik threatened to quit the training camp because of Mulyo’s exclusion. Mulyo is his mentor. He only rejoined the national team after the PBSI agreed to reinstate Mulyo. In 2004, Taufik made yet another threat to quit, and again backed down from it.
  “It’s time for younger players to take the baton. I’m giving way to them. It’s all about regeneration in Indonesian badminton,” he said.

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

Modals in the past are :

v Could.

v Might.

v Would.

v Should.

The formula of Modals in the past form :

1. COULD + VERB BASE.

Ø To offer Suggestion or Possibilities.

Example :

Cika : “I’m having trouble with math.”

Riko : “Why you don’t ask Kiki? Perhaps she could help you.”

Ø To indicate that ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.

Example :

Santi : “Nik, can you climb the mango tree?”

Niko : “Well, I could climb the mango tree when I was so young, but I think I’m too heavy to climb it.”

2. WOULD + VERB BASE.

Ø For an action that was repeated regulary in the past.

Example :

Ani : “What did you do on holidays?”

Risma : “I would visit my grandparents and my other family in the village, but how not anymore.”

Ø Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences.

Example :

Jerry : “What would you rather do in weekend, go to the party or stay at home?”

Lita : “I would rather stay at home than go to the party.”

Ø To express polite request.

Example :

Mr. Willy : “Would you mind posting the letter?”

Reva : “No, not at all.”

3. SHOULD + VERB BASE.

Ø To give definite advice.

Example :

Mother : “Neva, you should study tonight. You will have math test tomorrow, won’t you?”

Neva : “I will, Mom.

4. MIGHT + VERB BASE.

Ø To tell possibilities

Example :

Dina : “Why is Riko taking the bus to get home?”

Rita : “He might get a flat time.”

Ø To express polite request.

Example :

Dimas : “Might I borrow your book?”

Vera : “Yes, of course.”

Noun Phrase

Noun is word to point/signed at the thing. For example : the tall, my brother, loneliness, etc. Phrase is a group of words. So, Noun phrases is a group of word that to point/signed at the thing.

Noun phrase consist of a pronoun or noun with only associated noun phrases can act as a subject, object, complement object of preposition, and object of verb.

The function of Noun phrase :

• Subject

Example :

The children play on the forest.

• Object

Example :

My mother buys a basket of vegetables.

• Complement

Example :

Bogor is a rainy location.

The basic structure of Noun phrase :

Phrase consist minimally of a head this means, in one word phrase like “boy”, the head is “boy” in langer phrase a string of elements my appear before the head.

Example : The naughty boy.

Finite Verbs

Finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs.

Finite verb can form “Independent clause” which can stand by their own as complete sentences. An independent clause as a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentences.

In English, only verbs in certain mood are finite. These include :

1. Indicative mood : expressing a state of affairs.

In indicative mood, finite verbs must use verbs.

Example :

§ Ani is going to visit her mother in hospital.

§ He has waited his father since morning.

§ The bulldozer demolished the restaurant.

2. Imperative mood : giving a command.

Dalam imperative mood, finite verbs tidak memerlukan subjek karena tanpa memakai subjek pun kalimatnya sudah jelas.

Example :

§ Positive command : “Help me, please!”

§ Negative verb : “Don’t do that!”