Simple Present tense

• Nominal :

(+ ) S + to be + Complement (noun, adjective, and adverb).

( - ) S + to be + not + Complement.

( ? )to be + S + Complement + ?

Example :

(+ ) Reza is always happy.

( - ) Reza is not always happy.

( ? )Is Reza always happy?

• Verbal :

(+ ) S + Verb 1(s/es) + O.

( - ) S + do/does + not + Verb 1 + O.

( ? )do/does + S + Verb 1 + O + ?

Example :

(+ ) I usually get up at six o’clock in the morning.

( - ) I do not usually get up at six o’clock in the morning.

( ? )Do I usually get up at six o’clock in the morning?

Simple present tense used to show :

• Daily routines or habitual action :

Example :

(+ ) Hamirat always swims in the afternoon.

( - ) Hamirat does not always swim in the afternoon.

( ? )Does Hamirat always swim in the afternoon?

• An action that happen in the present time if followed with stative verbs. Example of stative verbs are : know, understand, have, believe, hate, need, hear, love, appear, see, like, seem, smell, want, taste, wish, sound own and etc.

Example :

(+ ) They understand the problem now.

( - ) They don’t understand the problem now.

( ? )Do They understand the problem now?

Note :

1. In positive sentences or affirmative, add s/es to the main verbs of the sentences whose subject is the third person singular (he, she, it ). And if the sentences whose subject I, you, we, and they, so the verbs still in the main verbs.

2. In negative sentences, after subject he, she, and it used “does not”, and after subject I, you, we, and they used “do not”.

3. In interrogative sentences, in front subject he, she, and it used “does”, and in front subject I, you, we and they used “do”.